In the late 1950’s Richard
Thomas & Baldwin planned to build Spencer Steelworks, later known as
Llanwern, near Newport in South Wales.
It opened in 1962 and employed 1600 people. The planned site was to the east of Moorland
Avenue. The name of the avenue was
significant, as prior to building the huge expanse of steel works buildings, the
‘moor’ had to be stabilised by laying millions of tons of hardcore.
A request went out to the
local area for sub-contractors to provide the necessary material. This was the trigger for entrepreneurs in
the South Wales Valleys to become hauliers and buy one or more lorries. Grocers, entertainers, coalmen, even the
retired joined the rush. With payment
on results, two or more drivers often worked in a shift pattern to ensure
maximum usage and thus maximum financial reward. Not satisfied with the amount of slag they
could load, owners would often increase capacity by fitting ‘greedy boards.’ These were fastened along the top of the
lorry sides increasing their height. Then
they were held together across the top with chains to prevent sagging.
Owners searched the valleys for any unwanted hardcore or stone waste they could take to make a profit. Slag and red ash tips that had stood for generations from Pontypool to Blaina were swallowed by the marsh, revealing views and landscapes unseen by generations.
Owners searched the valleys for any unwanted hardcore or stone waste they could take to make a profit. Slag and red ash tips that had stood for generations from Pontypool to Blaina were swallowed by the marsh, revealing views and landscapes unseen by generations.
With no bye-passes or
motorways, the result, in the narrow, twisting valley roads and busy villages
was frightening. Local authorities and
residents from Abertillery to Newport made continual protests. People were harassed when trying to cross
the road, and deafened day and night, by the constant roar of revving engines
of often overloaded lorries, travelling at break-neck speeds along ill suited
roads to make their next delivery. Smelly,
steaming loads poured water as they travelled, as the dusty shale had to be
dampened down.
Llanhilleth, due to its position,
possibly suffered more than most, positioned on two steep hills. Huge lorries thundered down Commercial Road,
towards Crumlin and Newport.
Unfortunately, the
weight-to-power ratio often prevented their acceleration up the other
side. They would stall in the bottom,
near the railway bridge, or worse, skid and collide into houses or shops on the
way down.
In 1961, Mr Marples, the
Minister of Transport, in a written reply to Mr Llywellyn Williams, the
Abertillery Labour MP described the project as an “immense road transport
operation.” He revealed the extent of
the problem when he explained that between January 1960 and 1961, 980 road
accidents involving lorries had occurred, but, he was quick to add, in 750 of
those no one had been injured. Although
18 people had been killed and another 280 injured, Mr Marples commented,
according to the
The Times, “no accident was on so large a scale as to cause anything approaching a national outcry.”
The Times, “no accident was on so large a scale as to cause anything approaching a national outcry.”
After sympathising with the
families of the 18 people killed and the 280 injured, we can acknowledge at least a few
advantages:
Firstly, the disappearance
of much of the hundreds of tons of coal waste and slag tips which had towered
over the welsh countryside for decades.
Secondly, the hope of the
creation of thousands of jobs, ancillary businesses, and a little prosperity by
ousting a few hundred wild birds and stabilising an area of Severn marshland.
Thirdly, the valley landscape was re-emerging,
after a time when any free space was used as a dump for waste products from
both coal mines and iron works.
Suddenly beautiful views across the valley, masked for decades by hills
of grey ash, were visible again.
Children could enjoy a natural beauty barely remembered by their parents
or even perhaps their grandparents.
The Aberfan Disaster in 1966
ensured that finally, the remaining spoil heaps and waste tips in the valleys were all
thoroughly checked by the National Tip Safety Committee, and a plan created to
level them. Certain valley areas may
now, on occasion, look like “Telly Tubby Land,” but can be used for sheep
grazing or left to naturalise. But this
fragile grass environment can so easily be destroyed, as can be seen from the
black grooves and ridges created by off road motorbikes and four-wheel drive
vehicles selfishly enjoying this landscape.
Llanwern steel works opened
in 1962, and its prospects have varied greatly over the years since.